To Enable SAR1. /etc/default/sysstat
ENABLED="true"
2. /etc/init.d/sysstat start
2.14. The sar command complains with the following message: Requested activities not available in file [...]
This error message means that you are trying to extract non-existent activities from the data file. Usually sadc reads all the available activities from the system and stores them in the data file. However, to prevent data files from taking too much space on disk, some activities must be explicitly set on the command line to be read by sadc.
To tell sadc that an optional activity should be collected, use switch -S followed by the keyword corresponding to that activity
(see sadc(8) manual page).
/etc/default/sysstat
-S { INT | DISK | SNMP | IPV6 | POWER | XDISK | ALL | XALL }
Specify which optional activities should be collected
by sadc. Some activities are optional to prevent data
files from growing too large. The INT keyword
indicates that sadc should collect data for system
interrupts. The DISK keyword indicates that sadc
should collect data for block devices. The SNMP and
IPV6 keywords indicate respectively that SNMP and IPv6
statistics should be collected by sadc. The POWER
keyword indicates that sadc should collect power
management statistics. The ALL keyword is equivalent
to specifying all the keywords above and therefore all
previous activities are collected.
The XDISK keyword is an extension to the DISK one and
indicates that partition statistics should be collected
by sadc in addition to disk statistics. This option
works only with kernels 2.6.25 and later. The XALL
keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords
above (including keyword extensions) and therefore all
possible activities are collected.
Important note: The activities (including optional
ones) saved in an existing data file prevail over those
selected with option -S. As a consequence, appending
data to an existing data file will result in option -S
being ignored.
As of this writing, optional activities are: interrupts, disks, SNMP, IPv6 and power management statistics.
IMPORTANT NOTES: 1) The list of activities that are saved in a file can no longer be modified once the file has been created. So it is important to use the proper options the first time sadc is called (whether via a crontab, a script like sa1(8) or even the script used to insert a RESTART message when the machine is rebooted). 2) With versions of sysstat older than 8.1.3, multiple switches (eg. -I and -d) had to be used with sadc to indicate which activities had to be collected. Other activities could not be saved into a file at all even if you specified the relevant options on the command line. Process statistics (-x and -X options in old sysstat versions) were such activities. 3) If the sar command complains with the error message: "Requested activities not available" (without mentioning "in file"), it means that you are trying to display activities that the kernel itself is unable to provide (please see question 2.18 below).
optionsCommon Optionssar -V: show versionjustin@Justin:~$ sar -V sysstat 版本 9.0.6.1 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)
sar [interverl [count]]interval: 采样频率
两种模式：
justin@Justin:~$ sar 3 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时16分55秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14时16分58秒 all 2.68 0.00 5.03 2.01 0.00 90.27 14时17分01秒 all 1.99 0.00 2.99 0.00 0.00 95.02 14时17分04秒 all 4.41 0.00 8.47 1.02 0.00 86.10 14时17分07秒 all 1.34 0.00 4.03 0.00 0.00 94.63
-o: output in binarySave the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading is in a separate record. The default value of the filename parameter is the current daily data file, the /var/log/sysstat/sadd file. The -o option is exclusive of the -f option. All the data available from the kernel are saved in the file (in fact, sar calls its data collector sadc with the option "-S ALL". See sadc(8) manual page).
-f: extract from fileExtract records from filename (created by the -o filename flag). The default value of the filename parameter is the current daily data file, the 若 %iowait 的值过高，表示硬盘存在I/O瓶颈 若 %idle 的值高但系统响应慢时，有可能是 CPU 等待分配内存，此时应加大内存容量 若 %idle 的值持续低于 10，则系统的 CPU 处理能力相对较低，表明系统中最需要解决的资源是 CPU。 /var/log/sysstat/sadd file. The -f option is exclusive of the -o option.
-h Display a short help message then exit.-e [ hh:mm:ss ] / -s [ hh:mm:ss ]Set the ending time of the report. The default ending time is 18:00:00. Hours must be given in 24-hour format. This option can be used when data are read from or written to a file (options -f or -o ).
查看各个时间段的日志
-c: comment includedcomments that have been inserted by sadc.
汇总输出：-A 等价于 -bBcdqrRuvwWy -I SUM -I XALL -n ALL -P ALL
Power-m Power managementstatistics depend on sadc option "-S POWER" to be collected. The following value is displayed:
MHz CPU clock frequency in MHz.
justin@Justin:~$ sar -m 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时23分28秒 CPU MHz 15时23分31秒 all 2394.49 15时23分34秒 all 2394.49 平均时间: all 2394.49
CPUsar -u查看系统cpu整体负载情况
justin@Justin:~$ sar -u 3 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时17分52秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14时17分55秒 all 1.68 0.00 4.03 0.00 0.00 94.30 14时17分58秒 all 1.99 0.00 2.66 0.00 0.00 95.35 14时18分01秒 all 2.33 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 92.67 14时18分04秒 all 5.35 0.00 7.02 0.00 0.00 87.63
Metrics:若 %iowait 的值过高，表示硬盘存在I/O瓶颈 若 %idle 的值高但系统响应慢时，有可能是 CPU 等待分配内存，此时应加大内存容量 若 %idle 的值持续低于 10，则系统的 CPU 处理能力相对较低，表明系统中最需要解决的资源是 CPU。
sar -PReport per-processor statistics for the specified processor or processors. Specifying the ALL keyword reports statistics for each individual processor, and globally for all processors. Note that processor 0 is the first processor.
justin@Justin:~$ sar -P 0 3 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时20分44秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14时20分47秒 0 2.00 0.00 7.33 0.00 0.00 90.67 14时20分50秒 0 2.68 0.00 5.69 0.00 0.00 91.64
如果一个单线程应用，反应迟缓，但是系统整体的cpu使用率不高，可以针对单个CPU查看信息： -P 0
cpu的计数从零开始。
sar -q 运行队列justin@Justin:~$ sar -q 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时47分59秒 runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 14时48分02秒 1 292 0.00 0.03 0.06 14时48分05秒 0 292 0.00 0.03 0.06 平均时间: 0 292 0.00 0.03 0.06
values are displayed:
runq-sz Run queue length (number of tasks waiting for run time). running tasks
plist-sz Number of tasks in the task list. number of task
ldavg-1 System load average for the last minute. The load average is calculated as the average number of runnable or running tasks (R state), and the number of tasks in uninterruptible sleep (D state) over the specified interval.
ldavg-5 System load average for the past 5 minutes.
ldavg-15 System load average for the past 15 minutes.
类似uptime:
justin@Justin:~$ uptime 14:46:15 up 2:40, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.05, 0.07
sar -w: context switch and processjustin@Justin:~$ sar -w 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时09分29秒 proc/s cswch/s 15时09分32秒 0.00 933.78 15时09分35秒 0.00 1282.61 平均时间: 0.00 1108.19
proc/s Total number of tasks created per second.
cswch/s Total number of context switches per second.
Disksar -p -djustin@Justin:~$ sar -p -d 3 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) justin@Justin:~$ sar -p -d 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时26分48秒 DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 14时26分51秒 sda 0.33 0.00 2.67 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 sdc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 sdd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 sde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 dev254-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分51秒 DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 14时26分54秒 sda 1.68 0.00 21.48 12.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分54秒 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分54秒 sdc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分54秒 sdd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分54秒 sde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14时26分54秒 dev254-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 平均时间: sda 1.00 0.00 12.04 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: sdc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: sdd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: sde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: dev254-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
avarage: 汇总时间
conjunction with option -d. By default names are printed as dev m-n where m and n are the major and minor numbers for the device. Use of this option displays the names of the devices as they (should) appear in /dev. Name mappings are controlled by /etc/sysstat/sysstat.ioconf.
newer only). When data is displayed, the device specification dev m-n is generally used ( DEV column). m is the major number of the device. With recent kernels (post 2.5), n is the minor number of the device, but is only a sequence number with pre 2.5 kernels. Device names may also be pretty-printed if option -p is used (see below). Values for fields avgqu-sz, await, svctm and %util may be unavailable and displayed as 0.00 with some 2.4 kernels. Note that disk activity depends on sadc options "-S DISK" and "-S XDISK" to be collected. The following values are displayed:
tps Indicate the number of transfers per second that were issued to the device. Multiple logical requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the device. A transfer is of indeterminate size.
rd_sec/s Number of sectors read from the device. The size of a sector is 512 bytes.
wr_sec/s Number of sectors written to the device. The size of a sector is 512 bytes.
avgrq-sz The average size (in sectors) of the requests that were issued to the device.
avgqu-sz The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.
await The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servicing them.
svctm The average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests that were issued to the device.
%util Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this value is close to 100%.
Memory-r: Report memory utilizationLinux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时31分56秒 kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit 14时31分59秒 58584 951544 94.20 52116 484240 1202524 60.43 14时32分02秒 58584 951544 94.20 52132 484232 1202676 60.43 平均时间: 58584 951544 94.20 52124 484236 1202600 60.43
values are displayed:
kbmemfree Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.
kbmemused Amount of used memory in kilobytes. This does not take into account memory used by the kernel itself.
%memused Percentage of used memory.
kbbuffers Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcached Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcommit Amount of memory in kilobytes needed for current workload. This is an estimate of how much RAM/swap is needed to guarantee that there never is out of memory.
%commit Percentage of memory needed for current workload in relation to the total amount of memory (RAM+swap). This number may be greater than 100% because the kernel usually overcommits memory.
%commit = kbcommit / (swap + memory)
-R: memory statisticsjustin@Justin:~$ sar -R 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时40分10秒 frmpg/s bufpg/s campg/s 14时40分13秒 832.51 0.00 -0.35 14时40分16秒 -20.67 2.00 -2.00 平均时间: 393.48 1.03 -1.20
displayed:
frmpg/s Number of memory pages freed by the system per second. A negative value represents a number of pages allocated by the system. Note that a page has a size of 4 kB or 8 kB according to the machine architecture.
bufpg/s Number of additional memory pages used as buffers by the system per second. A negative value means fewer pages used as buffers by the system.
campg/s Number of additional memory pages cached by the system per second. A negative value means fewer pages in the cache.
-W: swapLinux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时48分13秒 pswpin/s pswpout/s 15时48分16秒 0.00 0.00 15时48分19秒 0.00 0.00 平均时间: 0.00 0.00
pswpin/s Total number of swap pages the system brought in per second.
pswpout/s Total number of swap pages the system brought out per second.
pswpin/s 每秒系统换入的交换页面（swap page）数量 pswpout/s 每秒系统换出的交换页面（swap page）数量
-B: Page/swapjustin@Justin:~$ sar -B 3 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时40分38秒 pgpgin/s pgpgout/s fault/s majflt/s pgfree/s pgscank/s pgscand/s pgsteal/s %vmeff 15时40分41秒 0.00 7.97 30.23 0.00 67.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
pgpgin/s Total number of kilobytes the system paged in from disk per second. Note: With old kernels (2.2.x) this value is a number of blocks per second (and not kilobytes).
pgpgout/s Total number of kilobytes the system paged out to disk per second. Note: With old kernels (2.2.x) this value is a number of blocks per second (and not kilobytes).
fault/s Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the system per second. This is not a count of page faults that generate I/O, because some page faults can be resolved without I/O.
majflt/s Number of major faults the system has made per second, those which have required loading a memory page from disk.
pgfree/s Number of pages placed on the free list by the system per second.
pgscank/s Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per second.
pgscand/s Number of pages scanned directly per second.
pgsteal/s Number of pages the system has reclaimed from cache (pagecache and swapcache) per second to satisfy its memory demands.
%vmeff Calculated as pgsteal / pgscan, this is a metric of the efficiency of page reclaim. If it is near 100% then almost every page coming off the tail of the inactive list is being reaped. If it gets too low (e.g. less than 30%) then the virtual memory is having some difficulty. This field is displayed as zero if no pages have been scanned during the interval of time.
IO-b: block iojustin@Justin:~$ sar -b 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 14时42分58秒 tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 14时43分01秒 0.34 0.00 0.34 0.00 5.39 14时43分04秒 0.67 0.00 0.67 0.00 8.03 平均时间: 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 6.71
输出项说明： tps 每秒钟物理设备的 I/O 传输总量 rtps 每秒钟从物理设备读入的数据总量 wtps 每秒钟向物理设备写入的数据总量 bread/s 每秒钟从物理设备读入的数据量，单位为 块/s bwrtn/s 每秒钟向物理设备写入的数据量，单位为 块/s
File System-v: file system statThe following values are displayed:
dentunusd Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.
file-nr Number of file handles used by the system.
inode-nr Number of inode handlers used by the system.
pty-nr Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.
justin@Justin:~$ sar -v 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时55分02秒 dentunusd file-nr inode-nr pty-nr 15时55分05秒 17535 6304 10335 6 15时55分08秒 17535 6304 10335 6 平均时间: 17535 6304 10335 6
Interrupt-I {irq|SUM|ALL|XALL} 输出指定中断的统计信息。justin@Justin:~$ sar -I ALL 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 16时01分24秒 INTR intr/s 16时01分27秒 0 0.00 16时01分27秒 1 0.45 16时01分27秒 2 0.00 16时01分27秒 3 0.00 16时01分27秒 4 0.00 16时01分27秒 5 0.00 16时01分27秒 6 0.00 16时01分27秒 7 0.00 16时01分27秒 8 0.00 16时01分27秒 9 0.00 16时01分27秒 10 0.00 16时01分27秒 11 0.00 16时01分27秒 12 0.00 16时01分27秒 13 0.00 16时01分27秒 14 0.00 16时01分27秒 15 18.83 justin@Justin:~$ sar -I SUM 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 16时02分11秒 INTR intr/s 16时02分14秒 sum 271.00 16时02分17秒 sum 302.72 平均时间: sum 286.70
查看所有中断： cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0
0: 67 IO-APIC-edge timer
1: 29270 IO-APIC-edge i8042
3: 1 IO-APIC-edge
4: 1 IO-APIC-edge
6: 5 IO-APIC-edge floppy
7: 0 IO-APIC-edge parport0
8: 4 IO-APIC-edge rtc0
9: 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi acpi
12: 56164 IO-APIC-edge i8042
14: 0 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix
15: 145327 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix
17: 82939 IO-APIC-fasteoi BusLogic BT-958
18: 359583 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth0
19: 232 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb1, Ensoniq AudioPCI
NMI: 0 Non-maskable interrupts
LOC: 2821563 Local timer interrupts
SPU: 0 Spurious interrupts
PMI: 0 Performance monitoring interrupts
PND: 0 Performance pending work
RES: 0 Rescheduling interrupts
CAL: 0 Function call interrupts
TLB: 0 TLB shootdowns
TRM: 0 Thermal event interrupts
THR: 0 Threshold APIC interrupts
MCE: 0 Machine check exceptions
MCP: 48 Machine check polls
ERR: 0
MIS: 0
Network-n {DEV|EDEV|NFS|NFSD|SOCK|ALL} 分析输出网络设备状态统计信息。 DEV 报告网络设备的统计信息 EDEV 报告网络设备的错误统计信息 NFS 报告 NFS 客户端的活动统计信息 NFSD 报告 NFS 服务器的活动统计信息 SOCK 报告网络套接字（sockets）的使用统计信息 ALL 报告所有类型的网络活动统计信
-n {DEV|EDEV|NFS|NFSD|SOCK|ALL} 分析输出网络设备状态统计信息。 DEV 报告网络设备的统计信息 EDEV 报告网络设备的错误统计信息 NFS 报告 NFS 客户端的活动统计信息 NFSD 报告 NFS 服务器的活动统计信息 SOCK 报告网络套接字（sockets）的使用统计信息 ALL 报告所有类型的网络活动统计信息
详细见netstat
Report network statistics.
Possible keywords are DEV, EDEV, NFS, NFSD, SOCK, IP, EIP, ICMP, EICMP, TCP, ETCP, UDP, SOCK6, IP6, EIP6, ICMP6, EICMP6 and UDP6.
-n DEVjustin@Justin:~$ sar -n DEV 3 1 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 15时33分06秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15时33分09秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15时33分09秒 eth0 24.75 0.00 2.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15时33分09秒 pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
With the DEV keyword, statistics from the network devices are reported. The following values are displayed:
IFACE Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
rxpck/s Total number of packets received per second.
txpck/s Total number of packets transmitted per second.
rxkB/s Total number of kilobytes received per second.
txkB/s Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.
rxcmp/s Number of compressed packets received per second (for cslip etc.).
txcmp/s Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.
rxmcst/s Number of multicast packets received per second.
-n EDEVjustin@Justin:~$ sar -n EDEV 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 16时12分19秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s 16时12分22秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分22秒 eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分22秒 pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分22秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s 16时12分25秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分25秒 eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分25秒 pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s 平均时间: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均时间: pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
With the EDEV keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the network devices are reported. The following values are displayed:
IFACE Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
rxerr/s Total number of bad packets received per second.
txerr/s Total number of errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
coll/s Number of collisions that happened per second while transmitting packets.
rxdrop/s Number of received packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
txdrop/s Number of transmitted packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
txcarr/s Number of carrier-errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
rxfram/s Number of frame alignment errors that happened per second on received packets.
rxfifo/s Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on received packets.
txfifo/s Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on transmitted packets.
-n ALLjustin@Justin:~$ sar -n ALL 3 2 Linux 2.6.32-justin-1 (Justin) 2012年03月07日 _i686_ (1 CPU) 16时12分49秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 16时12分52秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分52秒 eth0 23.41 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分52秒 pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s 16时12分52秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分52秒 eth0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分52秒 pan0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 call/s retrans/s read/s write/s access/s getatt/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 scall/s badcall/s packet/s udp/s tcp/s hit/s miss/s sread/s swrite/s saccess/s sgetatt/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 totsck tcpsck udpsck rawsck ip-frag tcp-tw 16时12分52秒 630 14 12 0 0 0 16时12分49秒 irec/s fwddgm/s idel/s orq/s asmrq/s asmok/s fragok/s fragcrt/s 16时12分52秒 18.73 0.00 18.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 ihdrerr/s iadrerr/s iukwnpr/s idisc/s odisc/s onort/s asmf/s fragf/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 imsg/s omsg/s iech/s iechr/s oech/s oechr/s itm/s itmr/s otm/s otmr/s iadrmk/s iadrmkr/s oadrmk/s oadrmkr/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 ierr/s oerr/s idstunr/s odstunr/s itmex/s otmex/s iparmpb/s oparmpb/s isrcq/s osrcq/s iredir/s oredir/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 active/s passive/s iseg/s oseg/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 atmptf/s estres/s retrans/s isegerr/s orsts/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 idgm/s odgm/s noport/s idgmerr/s 16时12分52秒 17.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 tcp6sck udp6sck raw6sck ip6-frag 16时12分52秒 7 2 0 0 16时12分49秒 irec6/s fwddgm6/s idel6/s orq6/s asmrq6/s asmok6/s imcpck6/s omcpck6/s fragok6/s fragcr6/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 ihdrer6/s iadrer6/s iukwnp6/s i2big6/s idisc6/s odisc6/s inort6/s onort6/s asmf6/s fragf6/s itrpck6/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 imsg6/s omsg6/s iech6/s iechr6/s oechr6/s igmbq6/s igmbr6/s ogmbr6/s igmbrd6/s ogmbrd6/s irtsol6/s ortsol6/s irtad6/s inbsol6/s onbsol6/s inbad6/s onbad6/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 ierr6/s idtunr6/s odtunr6/s itmex6/s otmex6/s iprmpb6/s oprmpb6/s iredir6/s oredir6/s ipck2b6/s opck2b6/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16时12分49秒 idgm6/s odgm6/s noport6/s idgmer6/s 16时12分52秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TTY[root@cnetos5 ~]# sar -y Linux 2.6.18-53.el5 (cnetos5) 01/22/2008 12:00:01 AM TTY rcvin/s xmtin/s framerr/s prtyerr/s brk/s ovrun/s 12:10:01 AM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:10:01 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:20:01 AM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:20:01 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:30:01 AM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:30:01 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ……………… Average: 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 输出项说明： TTY TTY 串行设备号 rcvin/s 每秒接收的中断数量 xmtin/s 每秒传送的中断数量 framerr/s 每秒发生的帧错误数（frame error）量 prtyerr/s 每秒发生的奇偶校验错误（parity error）数量 brk/s 每秒发生的暂停（break）数量 ovrun/s 每秒发生的溢出错误（overrun error）数量
Note要判断一个系统瓶颈问题，有时需要几个 sar 命令选项结合起来使用，例如：
Wiki comments powered by Disqus怀疑CPU存在瓶颈，可用 sar -u 和 sar -q 等来查看 怀疑内存存在瓶颈，可用 sar -B、sar -r 和 sar -W 等来查看 怀疑I/O存在瓶颈，可用 sar -b、sar -u 和 sar -d 等来查看
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