Application Development

Create an Activity

这里给出以命令行方式创建Android应用的步骤, 所使用的android SDK为Build Android Platform一文中 用make sdk命令构建出来的SDK。

注意：android SDK的主页已经转移到http://developer.android.com

Install Apache Ant

首先需要安装Apache Ant。

在Apache Ant的主页上http://ant.apache.org/ 下载Ant到~/android/downloads/apache-ant-1.7.1-bin.tar.gz

然后将其解压缩到/usr/local/apache-ant-1.7.1

在~/.bashrc中增添以下脚本：

export ANT_HOME=/usr/local/apache-ant-1.7.1
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANT_HOME}/bin

Create Android Activity Project

根据 http://code.google.com/android/reference/othertools.html 中所述， 在执行make sdk命令后（可参考Build SDK）， 似乎可以用新build出来的SDK的tools下边activitycreator脚本来 创建新的应用。

cd ~/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/
./activitycreator --out HelloWorld com.android.hello.HelloWorld

但是发现报出如下错误：

ERROR: Target platform templates directory does not exist.

原因在~/android/src/development/tools/activitycreator/src/com/android/activitycreator/Activity Creator.java 中默认模版路径为：

// FIXME: target platform must be provided by the user
private final String mTargetPlatform = "android-1.1";

而实际上在SDK目录下的platforms中只有android-1.5目录：

  /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/platforms:
  总计 12
  drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-15 19:09 .
  drwxrwx--- 6 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 ..
  drwxrwx--- 7 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 android-1.5

因此需要修改mTargetPlatform变量并重新编译SDK ，或者做一个符号链结：

  /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/platforms:
  总计 12
  drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-15 19:09 .
  drwxrwx--- 6 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 ..
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 justin justin   12 02-15 19:09 android-1.1 -> android-1.5/
  drwxrwx--- 7 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 android-1.5

在次运行脚本，在创建好目录结构后又发生错误：

Package: com.android.hello
Output directory: HelloAndroid
Tests directory: HelloAndroid/tests
Activity name: HelloAndroid
ActivityTest name: HelloAndroidTest
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/src/
com/android/hello
Added file HelloAndroid/src/com/android/hello/HelloAndroid.java
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/bin
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/libs
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/src/com/android/hello
Added file HelloAndroid/tests/src/com/android/hello/HelloAndroidTest.java
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/bin
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/libs
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/res
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res/
values
Added file HelloAndroid/res/values/strings.xml
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res/
layout
Added file HelloAndroid/res/layout/main.xml
Added file HelloAndroid/AndroidManifest.xml
Added file HelloAndroid/build.xml
ERROR: Could not access HelloAndroid/default.properties: /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.k
wgj48_linux-x86/tools/lib/default.properties.template (No such file or directory)

此时在~/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/lib目录下 新建空白属性文件default.properties.template即可。

对新建的目录进行编译，运行：

cd HelloWorld
ant

发现无法构建失败：

Buildfile: build.xml

BUILD FAILED
/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/build.xml:46: taskdef
class com.android.ant.AndroidInitTask cannot be found

Total time: 2 seconds

原来没有找到SDK中的类路径，通过检察build.xml中的属性文件发现：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project name="HelloAndroid" default="help">

    <!-- The local.properties file is created and updated by the 'android' tool.
         It contain the path to the SDK. It should *NOT* be checked in in Version
         Control Systems. -->
    <property file="local.properties"/>

    <!-- The build.properties file can be created by you and is never touched
         by the 'android' tool. This is the place to change some of the default property values
         used by the Ant rules.
         Here are some properties you may want to change/update:

         application-package
             the name of your application package as defined in the manifest. Used by the
             'uninstall' rule.
         source-folder
             the name of the source folder. Default is 'src'.
         out-folder
             the name of the output folder. Default is 'bin'.

         Properties related to the SDK location or the project target should be updated
          using the 'android' tool with the 'update' action.

         This file is an integral part of the build system for your application and
         should be checked in in Version Control Systems.

         -->
    <property file="build.properties"/>

    <!-- The default.properties file is created and updated by the 'android' tool, as well
         as ADT.
         This file is an integral part of the build system for your application and
         should be checked in in Version Control Systems. -->
    <property file="default.properties"/>

    <!-- Custom Android task to deal with the project target, and import the proper rules.
         This requires ant 1.6.0 or above. -->
    <path id="android.antlibs">
        <pathelement path="${sdk-location}/tools/lib/anttasks.jar" />
        <pathelement path="${sdk-location}/tools/lib/sdklib.jar" />
        <pathelement path="${sdk-location}/tools/lib/androidprefs.jar" />
    </path>

    <taskdef name="androidinit" classname="com.android.ant.AndroidInitTask"
        classpathref="android.antlibs"/>

    <!-- Class the Android Init task that will import the proper rule file containing
         all the Ant targets -->
    <androidinit />
</project>

需要在刚才新建的default.properties.template文件中增加SDK的路径：

sdk-location=/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86

重新运行activitycreator脚本，将模版拷贝至项目目录：

./activitycreator --out HelloWorld com.android.hello.HelloWorld

然后重新运行ant，构建失败，发现没有指定目标平台：

Buildfile: build.xml

BUILD FAILED
/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/build.xml:50: Android
 Target is not set.

Total time: 4 seconds

需要在default.properties.template中增加：

target=android-3

再次运行activitycreator更新项目目录，运行ant脚本，构建通过：

Buildfile: build.xml
[androidinit] Project Target: Android 1.5
[androidinit] Platform Version: 1.5
[androidinit] API level: 3

help:
     [echo] Android Ant Build. Available targets:
     [echo]    help:      Displays this help.
     [echo]    debug:     Builds the application and sign it with a debug key.
     [echo]    release:   Builds the application. The generated apk file must be
     [echo]               signed before it is published.
     [echo]    install:   Installs the debug package onto a running emulator or
     [echo]               device. This can only be used if the application has
     [echo]               not yet been installed.
     [echo]    reinstall: Installs the debug package on a running emulator or
     [echo]               device that already has the application.
     [echo]               The signatures must match.
     [echo]    uninstall: uninstall the application from a running emulator or
     [echo]               device.

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second

可以发现，这里显示了一些在开发过程中用到构件目标。

Using 'Anroid' script instead of 'activitycreator'

通过阅读刚才生成的build.xml构件文件，发现SDK tools中的android脚本 可能方便生成项目目录结构。

以下是它的帮助信息：

Usage:
  android [global options] action [action options]

Global options:
  -v --verbose  Verbose mode (false)
  -h --help     This help (false)

Valid actions:
- list:       Lists existing targets or VMs.
- vm:         Creates a new VM.
- project:    Creates a new project using a template.
- update:     Updates a new project from existing source (must have an AndroidManifest.xml).

Action "project":
  Creates a new project using a template.
Options:
  -n --name     Name of the new project
  -o --out      Location path of new project
  -m --mode     Project mode (activity|alias)
  -t --target   Target id of the new project
  -a --activity Activity name
  -p --package  Package name

可以看出要创建一个新的项目，可以用android脚本的project子命令：

首先察看一下可用的目标id：

cd ~/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/
android list

显示为：

ailable Android targets:
[1] Android 1.5
     API level: 3
     Skins: HVGA-P, HVGA-L, QVGA-L, QVGA-P, HVGA
[2] Android 1.5
     API level: 3
     Skins: HVGA-P, HVGA-L, QVGA-L, QVGA-P, HVGA
Available Android VMs:

于是，可以用以下命令来新建一个项目目录：

mkdir HelloWorld
android project --out HelloWorld --name HelloWorld --target 1  --activity HelloWorld \
        --package com.android.hello

Edit the code

Sign your application

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